Studies on the Production of Fruits in India

Studies on the Production of Fruits in IndiaStudies on the production of fruits in India with special reference to Jammu and KashmirAbstractFruits provide desirable health benefits at any rate nutrition due to presence of assorted essential vitamins and minerals. Many outstanding antioxidants be present in fruits that help the body to constantly scrub up the toxic wastes. They boost the immunity and provide resistance against various ailments and certain chronic diseases. They have cracking potential to increase the stinting impact of the state, country at local, national and international level. India is the second largest producer of fruits in the manhood with production of 81.29 zillion metric tonnes from an field of operations of 6.98 million hect atomic number 18s for the year 2012-13. Jammu and Kashmir, the northern most state of India have different environmental and topographical conditions than rest of the country, produces many horticultural products. It is the lar gest producer of apples in India, 77% of apple production in India belongs to Jammu and Kashmir. After return considerable losings occur due to ignorance, method of storage, military positionharvest handling and absence of postharvest processing. Awareness most nutritional, environment and economic valves, improved cultivation, use of appropriate postharvest handling strategies are important to minimize the losses.Keywords antioxidant, area, production, postharvest, horticultureIntroductionNutritional importance of fruitsFruits contain a number of essential minerals, vitamins, dietary fibers and play essential role in human nutrition especially as a source of ascorbic venereal infection (vitamin C), thiamine (vitamin B1), niacin (vitamin B3), pyridoxine (vitamin B6), folacin (vitamin B9), tocopherol (vitamin E), riboflavin (vitamin A), calcium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, super C (Wargovich, 2000). There contribution is estimated at 91% of vitamin C, 48% of thiamine, 30% of folaci n, 27% of pyridoxine, 17% of vitamin B1, 15% of vitamin B3, 19% of Iron, 16% of magnesium, 9% of calories (Quebedeaux and Elis, 1990 Kader, 2001).Fruits and vegetables in human diet are strongly associated with the reduced risk of send wordcer, cardiovascular diseases, Alzheimer disease, cataracts, strokes and another(prenominal) chronic diseases (Prior and Cao, 2000 secondon, 2000 Liu, 2003). Some components of fruits and vegetables are strong antioxidants and function in metabolic activation and detoxification of various carcinogens (Kader, 2001).Economic importance of fruitsIndia comprises several agro-ecological regions with diverse ground and climate types, which provide an ample opportunity to grow variety of crops. A considerable degree of crop diversification has been experienced since the green revolution. The turn in cropping pattern is towards the horticultural and commercial crops (Mittal, 2007). Horticultural crops form profound part of total farming(a) producti on of the country and are recognize drivers of economic development. In India 65-70% of the population earns their livelihood through agriculture (Economic survey, 2007-08). Fruits cave in around 31% of horticultural production (Vedamurthy and Pandey, 2010). The increase in municipal and international demand for fruits in increasing daytime by day thereby increasing the economic importance of fruits. Contribution of horticultural crops towards agricultural GDP was about 29.5% for the year 2007-08 (Economic survey, 2007-08).Fruit Production in IndiaIndia is the human races second largest producer of fruits after Brazil that contributes 11.80% of the total worlds fruit production with a production of 68.46 million tonnes from an area of 6.10 million hectares annually (Kumar and Singh, 2010). In India the study fruit producing states are Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, westbound Bengal, Bihar, Gujarat, Punjab, Orissa and Utter PradeshFactors leading to decrease in fruit pro ductionThe major losses of fruits are estimated at 35-40% due to improper post harvest management that is about 40,000 crores per year. It so causes the wastage of energy, labour and inputs involved in horticultural production (Nayak and Mukhopadhyay, 2008). So there is a strong need for the post harvest management of these perishable fruits. Post harvest management strategies are applied to the horticultural produce after harvest to increase their ledge life during storage, processing, packaging and marketing to meet the nutritional requirements of the people.Majors that can be taken to overcome the lossesTable 1 innovation fruit production in metric tonnesFruit19701980199020002010Afghanistan794,600816,730645,870706,224847,900Albania118,400151,400167,782141,489370,192Algeria1,995,0711,201,968978,6641,428,1023,535,544American Samoa3,8501,6421,4631,9821,440Angola430,000427,000405,000447,000608,100Antigua and Barbuda6,7498,5408,5119,5188,570genus Argentina5,217,4236,353,1405,881,2047 ,174,1147,445,843Armenia......244,352351,405Australia2,114,3282,168,1552,384,1813,084,3293,312,766Austria1,096,9631,082,399964,1441,091,955734,800Azerbaijan......553,959891,021Bahamas9,17512,40911,07726,31237,000Bahrain17,58042,00010,15021,46522,090Bangladesh1,407,4391,304,3581,332,4901,361,0003,954,957Barbados2,4902,6102,8502,5604,090Belarus......299,100790,071Belgium......786,210571,630Belize35,40583,428141,662381,421376,790Benin121,300142,300180,662163,023398,700Bermuda565500300336370Bhutan23,35029,45064,53564,71060,900Bolivia469,540555,635783,195999,658944,470Bosnia and Herzegovina......80,273321,265Botswana6,3189,15011,54510,6005,920Brazil11,465,72819,473,79729,823,59236,986,74239,286,781British Virgin Islands309550180440520Brunei Darussalam3,4454,8105,0246,1337,535Bulgaria2,300,7761,897,5971,649,569739,549396,332Burkina Faso41,60055,20069,83190,95496,450 Burundian1,247,0001,168,0001,633,0001,598,146238,464Cambodia270,050122,340239,050321,700355,900Cameroon983,4571,713,3401,756 ,8961,994,1513,878,820Canada628,394795,589772,777823,210668,968Cape Verde13,82412,60014,61516,77820,800Cayman Islands516583314558325Central African Republic129,820168,800201,900259,399274,550Chad83,00092,000106,42398,068117,500Chile1,061,2401,633,5882,638,9803,890,1705,673,600mainland China4,973,7108,416,03020,952,15564,503,111122,184,944Colombia2,761,1003,897,1504,676,9966,851,0397,989,940Comoros28,00035,60051,13262,61547,800Congo68,700113,070135,844222,622263,800Congo, DR2,134,5002,627,6003,450,8442,426,7812,540,724Cook Islands15,85012,5254,7823,6771,526Costa Rica1,299,2101,337,7642,410,2663,810,7864,620,366Croatia......540,881458,235Cuba306,012853,4671,535,5262,251,1141,794,869Cyprus432,319344,802393,246282,984185,661Czech Republic......562,195181,221Cte dIvoire1,001,3521,464,5481,569,7202,347,1172,187,000Denmark163,961146,608102,26854,84068,500Djibouti001,9563,4573,185Dominica63,10035,76096,77169,80553,830Dominican Republic1,169,6591,340,1001,599,9801,032,3242,196,055Ecuador3,78 1,5423,966,5104,524,8257,670,5069,292,075Egypt1,450,3302,284,1354,617,5396,966,1249,581,146El Salvador194,450251,282291,084302,098439,319equatorial Guinea13,50010,50040,60051,03969,200Eritrea......3,8004,400Estonia......26,5385,071Ethiopia......703,202683,500Fiji8,61210,68512,84618,00618,628Finland62,700104,00021,09218,66116,793France17,040,99514,601,26711,942,96511,265,3558,691,815French Guiana4,5402,0216,76315,70717,610French Polynesia2,5443,1717,7419,72815,483Gabon123,300190,900240,001294,226324,710Gambia3,0003,5003,5175,6078,600Georgia......471,917260,000Germany5,367,7814,750,8074,854,9345,290,5382,200,529Ghana1,034,097978,300923,9002,391,4204,363,630Greece3,003,0943,519,9173,922,6074,151,4863,230,090Grenada34,25527,51825,81116,63114,600Guadeloupe132,28088,577116,416142,66187,390Guam7471,0891,8732,3803,220Guatemala659,100753,7911,150,5171,973,3933,951,700Guinea545,000673,100855,803997,3101,218,700Guinea-Bissau36,70046,75061,40379,88887,050Guyana42,16732,71050,24973,96333,615Hait i799,8001,003,6001,016,1711,005,481976,660Honduras1,499,9231,646,2271,388,235783,2811,357,185Hungary2,030,4322,531,2152,306,9011,726,6741,124,272Iceland1310111730India15,786,68020,357,39727,717,10443,000,88084,791,100Indonesia3,576,0004,268,2145,973,0438,412,93014,867,762Iran1,784,7253,144,1257,163,55412,287,68412,126,041Iraq542,8801,155,0201,523,0301,739,2001,094,014Ireland32,50023,20023,00026,33448,170Israel1,548,4751,926,1602,002,7461,263,2691,278,486Italy19,349,13821,429,44317,112,38117,989,61916,907,895Jamaica396,869332,255360,046425,044363,608Japan5,552,9006,227,9004,905,6913,820,8902,898,550Jordan61,37086,155255,408238,727279,918Kazakhstan......263,490222,110Kenya534,1101,126,6101,303,6362,148,1182,933,336Kiribati3,3704,5305,0005,6499,400Korea, North218,000848,0001,305,0001,333,1571,559,200Korea, South429,259933,4061,917,4592,625,5722,733,554Kuwait4701,1131,93311,25018,353Kyrgyzstan......188,139197,601Laos75,65090,300128,500192,967238,200Latvia......53,99214,608Lebanon561,776 721,1001,185,000845,600976,290Lesotho14,00015,00017,70914,50014,700Liberia98,020120,200106,779170,662208,700Libya82,132179,145311,644314,710386,050Liechtenstein12070130156180Lithuania......112,50047,719Luxembourg......33,63226,652Macedonia......407,811452,643Madagascar623,775733,033796,700890,600941,460Malawi260,000374,950481,428755,4981,032,600Malaysia865,300938,0731,108,6381,210,7331,144,862Maldives6,0507,9006,3509,56010,051Mali98,100124,800155,060251,993814,100Malta11,87110,56313,7296,45710,085Martinique184,928116,929284,295355,478208,860Mauritania17,30015,20012,08724,90023,000Mauritius8,9483,5838,37013,07621,285Mexico4,478,9707,617,4699,371,18313,306,46015,255,598Micronesia, FM......3,0883,830Moldova......953,163792,435Mongolia2,2503,200400255578Montenegro........74,338Montserrat1,129800629880830Morocco1,466,6201,670,8002,008,8422,680,7703,292,411Mozambique304,470322,500381,400290,768368,810Myanmar707,502806,590950,3421,416,0002,135,100Namibia6,5008,0009,83916,41342,225Nauru1402 00255336340Nepal112,000135,000413,310844,6331,276,791Netherlands678,466618,730561,700710,936671,390New Caledonia9,00011,6342,5763,7233,733New Zealand241,574356,774