The Play Must Go West Essay Example For Students

The Play Must Go West Essay Soon after the American Revolution, Americans began their expansion to the west. It was our Manifest Destiny to tame the wilds of the west and expand our nation from coast to coast. Families from all over would load up their belongings and travel to the newly purchased lands. People from New York, Philadelphia, Boston and all parts of the new nation brought with them their language, culture and belief systems. Along with this they also brought the theater. It was not long after people would begin to live in an area that the theater would take root. The progress of the theater in the United States can be traced along the same routes as the settlement of the west. Beginning on the east coast with early colonies the theater was carried with our ancestors to their new homes in the west. From St. Louise to Kansas City, from Kansas City to California and all parts in between. Horace Greeley said Go west young man and the theater followed. In 1492 Christopher Columbus left Azones on a trip to discover a western sea route to the Orient. Seventy days later Columbus made land fall on what he thought was an outlying portion of Asia. We will write a custom essay on The Play Must Go West specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Columbus would go to his death believing he had landed in Asia, he was wrong. Although he did open up a new world for Europeans to expand their culture into. (Billington 15) Thought many early attempts where made to settle this new land. Most ended in disaster. In 1620 however, 128 years after Columbus made his brave but mistaken discovery of the new world, the pilgrims set out to make a permanent settlement in America. They put a shore in what is now called Massachusetts and formed a thriving, self governed colony. (Billington 57) 10 years later, John Wintrope brings 1000 colonist and founds the city of Boston. Wintropes British settlement had not been in the new world long, in fact less than a year, when they discovered that the Dutch had formed their own nearby settlement. The Dutch called their town New Amsterdam. This caused immediate competition and rivalry between the settlements. (Billington 60) After a war with the Dutch the city of New Amsterdam came into the possession of the British Empire and King Charles the Second. King Charles had newly been restored to the throne of England after a long forced vacation on the mainland of Europe. As a reward to those who supported his return, he annexed New Amsterdam and renamed it New York and gave large portions of it to his most loyal supporters. (Billington 67) In the ensuing years many English colonist came to the new world setting up towns and cities all along the Atlantic coast line. It is in these towns and cities that we see European culture, especially English culture, being planted in the new world. With this new culture being brought to this new and untamed land it is natural that the forms of entertainment would also not be far behind. The lands of the new world where now fertile for the seed of the theater. In 1716 we have records of a theater being built in Willamsburg Virginia. This is probable the first theater built in the Americas. While there where probable plays and some small theatrical productions being done earlier, this is our first ever record of a building being built for this specific purpose. (Hornblow) We know that in New York in 1752, the Hallams performed the Merchant of Venice. We also know that the Hallams used a theater that was build for use by Murray and Kean who had a troupe who had performed the same play along with Richard the III many years earlier. (Hornblow) .ucadc97b1add0742d9ef4f4e35f46cc6e , .ucadc97b1add0742d9ef4f4e35f46cc6e .postImageUrl , .ucadc97b1add0742d9ef4f4e35f46cc6e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucadc97b1add0742d9ef4f4e35f46cc6e , .ucadc97b1add0742d9ef4f4e35f46cc6e:hover , .ucadc97b1add0742d9ef4f4e35f46cc6e:visited , .ucadc97b1add0742d9ef4f4e35f46cc6e:active { border:0!important; } .ucadc97b1add0742d9ef4f4e35f46cc6e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucadc97b1add0742d9ef4f4e35f46cc6e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucadc97b1add0742d9ef4f4e35f46cc6e:active , .ucadc97b1add0742d9ef4f4e35f46cc6e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucadc97b1add0742d9ef4f4e35f46cc6e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucadc97b1add0742d9ef4f4e35f46cc6e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucadc97b1add0742d9ef4f4e35f46cc6e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucadc97b1add0742d9ef4f4e35f46cc6e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucadc97b1add0742d9ef4f4e35f46cc6e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucadc97b1add0742d9ef4f4e35f46cc6e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucadc97b1add0742d9ef4f4e35f46cc6e .ucadc97b1add0742d9ef4f4e35f46cc6e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucadc97b1add0742d9ef4f4e35f46cc6e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Electrical energy EssaySo theater came early to the Americas but was contained to the coastal areas much like the colonies where. It would take the formation of a new country and an expansion of the boarders of this new country to help theater on its western trek across the great expanses of North America. Caused by what they believed was an erosions of their natural rights and being governed with out representation The colonies in America decided to take a bold move and break their ties with their English masters. This of course was not well received by the King of England and what is known as the American Revolution ensued. In 1775 in Lexington and Concord fighting broke out between American Colonist and English Troops. On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress signed a document that had been penned by Thomas Jefferson. The document was a Declaration of Independence. While the matter was by no means decided and a long war followed, for all practical purposes the United States Of America was born. (McKay 696) In an effort to expand the borders of the United States and to help get European interest off the continent. Thomas Jefferson, now president of the United States purchases from France a vast area called Louisiana. So on April 30th, 1803 the territory of the fledgling country of the United States was more than doubled. In this territory there where already established cities and populations. Cities like New Orleans and St. Louise had long been active trading areas for the French and Spanish governments. (Billington 244) These areas quickly became attractive for new migrations of the Americans. Although both cities spoke very little English. The rapid movement of Americans into them caused a need for English spoken entertainment. In New Orleans there where French speaking theaters as early as 1809 but there had never been any English language plays performed. A man named Noah Ludlow with the help of some actors from the Turner company decided to go to New Orleans and perform. They had been told that there was a large English speaking population there now and they where in need to spend their money on English speaking plays. This is all that Ludlow needed. Although some of his partners protested and left the troupe, Ludlow with many others departed from Nashville on Oct. 0th 1917. (Hornblow) They traveled down the Ohio river to the Mississippi They arrived in Natches some days later and upon the insistence of the local movers and shakers performed one of their plays. The Honeymoon was the first play to ever be performed in Natches. The troupe stayed for a few days but then continued their travels to New Orleans. On Dec. 24th 1817 Ludlow and his trouped opened their theater in New Orleans with the plays The Honeymoon and a farce called The Hotel, or a servant with two masters. The theater was called the St. Philip because it was on St. Phillips St. The venture was a huge success before Ludlow decided to go back to Nashville for other endeavors. (Hornblow) It is only fitting that the man who brought theater to the Louisiana territory be the one who brings it to St. Louis. Noah Ludlow decided that the small city of St. Louis was ripe for his theater troupe. With a population of some 4000 St. Louis had never seen a professional performance of a play. There where some amateurs performing in the area and in their theater is where ludlow decided to set up. (Hornblow) On Nov 20th 1819, Ludlow and his troupe boarded a keel boat in Nashville and started on his journey to St. Louis. This journey was much more difficult than the one to New Orleans for part of the trip was up current on the Mississippi. They had to travel by a procedure called Cordelling. This entailed men with ropes pulling the boats up the river. Finally arriving in St. Louse Ludlows troupe performed in mid December 1819. They once again performed the play The Honeymoon. (Hornblow) Theater had now expanded to the western shores of the Mississippi. .u673e39c5ba40f79675174aadeaa3c838 , .u673e39c5ba40f79675174aadeaa3c838 .postImageUrl , .u673e39c5ba40f79675174aadeaa3c838 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u673e39c5ba40f79675174aadeaa3c838 , .u673e39c5ba40f79675174aadeaa3c838:hover , .u673e39c5ba40f79675174aadeaa3c838:visited , .u673e39c5ba40f79675174aadeaa3c838:active { border:0!important; } .u673e39c5ba40f79675174aadeaa3c838 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u673e39c5ba40f79675174aadeaa3c838 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u673e39c5ba40f79675174aadeaa3c838:active , .u673e39c5ba40f79675174aadeaa3c838:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u673e39c5ba40f79675174aadeaa3c838 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u673e39c5ba40f79675174aadeaa3c838 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u673e39c5ba40f79675174aadeaa3c838 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u673e39c5ba40f79675174aadeaa3c838 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u673e39c5ba40f79675174aadeaa3c838:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u673e39c5ba40f79675174aadeaa3c838 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u673e39c5ba40f79675174aadeaa3c838 .u673e39c5ba40f79675174aadeaa3c838-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u673e39c5ba40f79675174aadeaa3c838:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Shakespeare1 EssayThe United States would soon conquer from coast to coast in North American. Expanding from the Mississippi to the coast in California. As the Mormons expanded into the great Salt lake area of Utah and the Mexican War would add vast new land, including California into the United States the theater would not be far behind On may 16, 1846 the United States declared war on Mexico. Caused partially because of United States annexation of Texas, disagreements on borders and President Polks desire to expand the United States territory. (Clark) While preparations for war where ensuing in Texas, Col. Stephen Kearney was on his way west to take New Mexico and California. On Jan. 10th 1847, California was conquered. The treaty of Guadeloupe-Hidalgo was signed on Feb 2, 1848 after the United States had defeated the Mexican troops and captured the Mexican capital of Mexico City. This treaty set the new borders along the Rio Grande river and gave to the United States New Mexico and California. With these new accusations the west was now ready for its infusion of the theater. (Billington 586) On July 24th, 1847, A group of Mormons lead by Brigham Young founded the city of Salt Lake in the territory of Utah. Billington 541) The Mormon had always been supporters of the theater and they carried their love of the theater with them west. Joseph Smith encouraged the formation of a Theatrical company long before their exodus to the west. (Hornblow) Soon after settling in their new homes Salt Lake City plays where being performed. In an area called the Bowery the Mormons would congregate to watch all sorts of productions. It was here in 1850 that the Salt Lake Theater Stock Company was created. Their first play was The Dead Shot In 1862 Brigham young built the Salt Lake Theater. Hornblow) While this was going on in Salt Lake City American where rushing to California to cash in on the gold rush. In 1849 the famous gold rush began in California. (Clark) As American headed west to the shores of the Pacific ocean theater followed. On Jan 1850 in Washington Hall, a building in San Francisco. The first professional play was performed in California. A play by Sheridan Knowles called The Wife played to a packed house. By 1851 there where at least 3 professional theaters operating in San Francisco. (Hornblow) Manifest Destiny, this became the call of many Americans as the United States expanded westward. We got on boats, filled our wagons and populated North America from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Times where hard for these early settlers but in it all they found time for entertainment. The theater has been there from the beginning to entertain, educate and make us think. Not only has the theater expanded across the land it has expanded across time. While some would argue it was a natural expansion of the theater to the camera and then to the television. Our lives are totally entwined in the theatrical arts. So when Horace Greeley said Go west young man we did and we took the theater with us.

Corporate Strategy Analysis of Kraft in relation to Cadbury Acquisition The WritePass Journal

Corporate Strategy Analysis of Kraft in relation to Cadbury Acquisition Introduction Corporate Strategy Analysis of Kraft in relation to Cadbury Acquisition IntroductionCorporate Strategy Critical Success Factors (CSF)Corporate Parenting RoleConclusionRelated Introduction I have been asked to investigate and evaluate Kraft’s overall corporate strategy in relation to it’s acquisition of Cadbury in 2010. Moreover, this report will also highlight some of the critical success factors that Kraft might apply to Cadbury and it will demonstrate and outline the corporate parenting role Kraft could take up in respect to Cadburys. Kraft Foods is a well known American food conglomerate with its presence in over a hundred countries. The $19.5 billion (Clearly et al, 2010) takeover of Cadbury has enabled them to become the biggest confectionery and beverage giant in the world. This acquisition has enabled Kraft to expand their portfolio in terms of product offering. They now have over forty well known brands each bringing in over $100 million worth of sales each year. (Nasdaq, 2011). The Cadbury brand is well recognised around the world and they are one of the largest chocolate producers in the world, furthermore they have a well established base in the UK and abroad. Therefore by acquiring such a prestigious company with iconic brands, Kraft will be able to enhance its long term revenues and growth by strengthening their presence in developing markets such as India and Mexico. Cadbury is more of a brand led company whereas Kraft a more of a product orientated company. Cadbury as a result gives them a brand building capability which Kraft needs in order to expand overseas. From this perspective we can see quite clearly why Kraft acquired well known Cadbury. The main intention of Kraft’s takeover was so that they could get hold of Cadbury’s assets, resources and their core competencies which sets them apart from other rivals. Corporate Strategy Corporate strategy is best defined by (Lynch, 2003, p.5) as ‘ an organisations basic direction for the future: its purpose, its ambitions, its resources and how it interacts with the world in which it operates’. Likewise, (Porter, 1996 cited in Thompson, 2001, p. 15 describes it as an ‘overall plan for a diversified business’. Kraft has three corporate strategies which are: To delight global snack consumers To unleash the power of iconic heritage brands To create a performance – driven and value led organisation (Kraft, 2011) By implementing such strategies Kraft are able to manage their activities appropriately and by doing so they are able to identify the skills and competencies which are required to foster organisational growth hence drive profits. Krafts growth strategy is to build a global snacks powerhouse and unrivalled portfolio of brands people love. It is essential that managers are able to effectively formulate and implement corporate level strategies’ in order to achieve corporate objectives of the firm by means of developing and sustaining competitive advantage. Management must have a clear vision in place as to where it wants to be in the long-term so it is able to identify its strategic purpose as to why the company exists. Kraft’s strategy enables managers’ to look at ways in which it can add value to the different parts of the firm. Moreover, how it can meet shareholder expectations. Kraft should effectively link its internal capabilities together with its external relations if they want their strategy to be successful in this ever changing environment. Furthermore, strategy also seems to shape organisational behaviour therefore it is vital that everyone in the organisation is focused and that they have a shared a vision because they will be more likely to be working towards the same goal. Corporate planning and strategic fit is crucial at Kraft as it enable them to conduct environmental scanning so that management can address and identify the key areas which are likely to affect the overall business strategy due to uncertainty within the market. Its purpose is to provide a bigger picture of the environment in which the business is operating in. Strategic analysis helps an organisation to identify what is happening outside of the business so that they can focus on external elements or threats that the business is likely face. This is usually done through PESTEL analysis or even a SWOT analysis so that managers can identify their strengths in comparison to their competitors so that they can improve on their weaknesses. Furthermore, it also helps them to spot opportunities within the market place so that they can expand and take advantage of change. Critical Success Factors (CSF) Also known as key success factors (KSF) best defined by (Lynch, 2003, p.102) as, â€Å"the resources, skills and attributes of an organisation that are essential to deliver success in the market place. The phrase was first introduced by Daniels in 1961 and has now become a widely studied phenomenon within the field of strategic management.   Critical success factors are those business activities which must be managed and performed in order to foster organisational success. Understanding and identifying such factors are crucial as it enables managers to make the right strategic decisions. Kraft are now focussing on their top ten power brands such as Cadbury diary milk, trident gum etc to maximise revenue as they have dramatically shifted their focus towards growth in areas which contain higher margins. There are a number of critical success factors that Kraft could apply to Cadbury. Firstly, Kraft is a much stronger company than what it was 2 years ago. It has a hugh market share with an annual revenue exceeding $49.2 billion. Therefore Kraft could use Cadbury to strengthen their global base and use their core competencies to maximise profits. The market share of Kraft enables them to sustain their competitive advantage over others as they become a dominant enterprise within the confectionery market.   Likewise, Kraft can use their brand strength along with Cadbury’s product range to enlarge and broaden their brand portfolio. Moreover, this will enable Kraft to distribute Cadbury’s brands in markets such as China, Brazil and Russia were Cadbury has lit tle or no presence. This opportunity will also open up doors for Kraft so that it can grow and penetrate into India and European Union where it lacks behind. This will help it to boost sales and hopefully increase their market share. This ties in with effective supply chain networks that both companies have in place. From this perspective we can see that one of the main purpose or benefit in acquiring Cadbury was to control Cadbury’s distribution network and their infrastructure so that Kraft could use this advantage to get into developing markets where they will be able to widen their footprint by increasing their presence in international markets by offering diverse products. This opportunity has also widened their global supplier base which means that they can concentrate on economies of scale by getting their costs down as much as they can, so that they can make more profit per unit. This will enable them to leverage their costs and resources so that they can focus on operational efficiency through systems such as just in time. Corporate Parenting Role There are a number of ways in which Kraft has and could take up the corporate parenting role in respect to Cadbury. Firstly Kraft has made a hugh leap in restructuring their organisational structure, which means that decision making is no longer highly decentralized. This has enabled Kraft to be in more control over its business activities. In order to succeed in the global environment an organisation such as Kraft needs to make sure that they have the right people in the right place at the right time so that they can operate efficiently and effectively. The role of a corporate parent (headquarters) is to reinforce and implement parenting skills so that it can manage and add value to its business units. The main emphasis is so that the company can perform better compared to if it was working individually. The corporate parent can therefore make certain decisions about the portfolio of the business so it can manage global operations more efficiently. This two way process is vital because if a certain business unit or a corporate parent is not adding value to the business a decision is likely to be made by management to sell or break off a certain business section. Kraft has chosen a synergy manager approach because it enables them to manage synergies across both business platforms so that Kraft is able to manage costs and organisational resources effectively by aligning key targets which must be achieved by certain business units. As this will enable them to create synergy because two companies working together will create more value and therefore Kraft will have the opportunity to market and distribute both brands for the price of one. Kraft has estimated that around $672 million worth of expenses would be saved by working together with Cadbury. Good brand management is also an important aspect in any organisation, therefore if Kraft wants to prosper it must emphasise on knowledge management so that it can grasp and share its knowledge skills and core competencies with Cadbury. Kraft can coach and aid Cadbury in making the right decisions about product expansion in areas in which Kraft   have extensive knowledge and experience. Furthermore they can help Cadbury to develop their capabilities by enabling them to improve their skills at the same time as helping them to improve on their weaknesses.   Furthermore, they must effectively communicate across borders and be willing to combine research and development activities, sharing of plant and machinery, new innovative ideas market research e.g. consumer insight, talent, experience or skills. On the other hand, Kraft should avoid adding management costs and bureauc ratic complexity because it is likely to hinder business performance. Conclusion An effective business strategy will always enable an organisation to thrive and prosper. By focussing on such strategic factors Kraft is able to accomplish their goals and objectives. Kraft is fully aware of the critical success factors which apply to them and those which apply to the industry. They use their capabilities and resources so that they can invest in those areas of the business which are critical for its long term success and by doing so they gain competitive advantage over others. They have paid particular attention towards their customers, as they claim to help people to live and eat better. By providing those products which customers actually want for instance on the go snacks. Therefore, one can say that it is essential that Kraft should manage their resources and capabilities if they want to succeed in the global arena. I believe that product innovation is a vital survival tool which Kraft has implemented within its business process as they are always introducing new products into the market.

Pit Stop Case Report Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pit Stop Report - Case Study Example Though the company was expecting to generate cash flows from the restructuring of the company, it had to incur $52 million cost due to the termination of the operating leases or due to the closure of the pit shops. The report is an attempt to analyze that the closure of the operations should be classified as discontinued operation, and to establish which procedure should be undertaken by the company in that situation. Closure of the Pit Store Auto World had two different segments: the Auto Boyz centre and the pit stop centers. The company submits their financial statements as per the US GAAP method. They followed the requirements as mentioned in the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) standards. As per the FASB statement number 131, the company discloses its financial reporting about different statements (FASB, â€Å"Summary of Statement no. 131†). It has been found in the financial statements of the company that the company’s net sales and operating earnings ar e mentioned segment-wise. As per the FASB standard 146, the company also meets the criteria and it has to reveal the costs associated with the retirement or disposal of assets (FASB, â€Å"NEWS RELEASE 07/30/02†). ... flows after disposal and the cash flows can be classified as direct cash flows, then the operations cannot be referred to as discontinued operations. When the company is generating cash flows after disposal and the generated cash flows can be classified as indirect cash flows, then the operation can be called as discontinued operations. In the case of Auto World, the company is not generating cash flows which can be classified as direct cash flows, so the operation can be classified as discontinued cash flows (Jarnagin 36-37). Due to the closing of the pit stop shops, the company management estimated that the restructuring and other charges would be $52 million. The charges were due to the termination of the operating leases and also included some other costs. The accountants of the company should not include this cost as the cost in the segment of the pit stop centre because the cost is from the discontinued operation. So the accountants should include and disclose this cost in the income statement of the company for the next quarter. Recommendation The decision of the management is right as they want all of their services to be available under one roof, which will be more profitable for them and attractive to customers. To avoid the pre tax of $52 million, the company management should use the pit stop stores as stores including both the pit stop stores and the Auto Boyz centers. They should continue operating until the contract with the lessor is terminated, and then they can relocate their branch or extend the contract with the lessor. In this process they don’t have to incur the cost due to the termination of the operating lease, but they have to incur little cost due to the stoppage of operation and the relocation of stores. Conclusion Auto World has taken the

Sustainable Corporate Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sustainable Corporate Development - Assignment Example It is the basic goal of every business to grow in the respective industry. This many also involve launching new products and services for the consumers. The company must not only focus on growth but profitable growth. Without profits the growth of the business becomes unsustainable. The profitability of most of the organizations is based on two important factors i.e. cutting cost and growth (Anon., 2013). Quality of working life is based on the job related experience of the employees. The needs that should be addressed by the employees to achieve high quality of work life include skill variety, task identity, autonomy, task significance and feedback. Other aspects that should also be addressed include individual power, fairness and equity, participation of employees in the management of the firm, self –development and extra work activities. Business ethics are the moral principles which underpin the behavior of the firms. Moral principles are concerned with what is right and wrong for the business. The ethical business is considered to be the one which is based on the set of moral principles. Being ethical means that a business complies with the laws and regulations and make choices about what it is allowed to do and what it is not allowed to do. An organization sets ethical objectives of the firm by applying ethical values to the actions and targets of the firm (Anon., 2014). The concept of business continuity is based on the fact that a company continues to operate in the business even in the adverse environmental conditions such as in case of natural disaster, fire, etc. The continuity plan of the business may include moving the operations of the business to another location if any kind of disaster occurs on the worksite. Learning organization is considered to be an organization that facilitates learning and transforms itself according to the changing trends of the environment. Learning organizations emerge as a result of the pressure faced by modern

Management and Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Management and Business - Essay Example Through its Technical Training College, KLM UK Engineering also offers Aviation Safety Agency Part 147 provisions. The company increasing customer base comprises Europe highly established airline operators plus leasing firms like British Airways and Air France. The main base of the company is Norwich International Airport, and the company has three hangars, around eight bays and a wider on site workshop. Moreover, the company has a line maintenance stations located at Edinburgh airport, Glasgow airport and Norwich airport. Due to the constant changing nature of the air industry, the burden on the company is mainly on its staff training. The challenge of training its technicians to support the maintenance demands of constantly renewed fleet is becoming heavy. This is mainly because modern Aircraft are being added to the growing carrier fleet with more advanced equipments, flight decks, and advanced forms of control structures. In addition to the incorporation numerous structural materials, therefore, the challenge is to get and maintain the right human resources and factors to ensure that its personnel skills keep pace with the constantly changing nature of the industry. The technology is changing at very a  rapid pace compared with the speed at which the company personnel are being acquainted with the changing landscape. Cost management is also a major challenge facing KLM UK Engineering due to the increasing industry wide concerns on maintenance efficiency (KLM UK Engineering Limited 5). KLM UK Engineering Limited mission is to offer its clientele with enhanced service solutions leading to safe and dependable aircraft delivered within the client schedule necessities under most favourable cost. KLM UK Engineering invests in talented plus experienced professionals and sustenance systems to enable its customers to attain their operational goals. We offer a competent, rate effective, and specialized aircraft maintenance management, in addition to providing

Issues In Intercultural Marriage

Issues In Intercultural Marriage An intercultural marriage is a union of two people involving numerous cultures and backgrounds. When two various cultures combine together, there may be significant challenges they have to face. A culture may differ from one to another due socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought. Culture is a system of shared beliefs and values and is constantly evolving and changing around the world. The presence of intercultural marriages and intimacy is clear and expanding in societies throughout the Culture may consist of shared language, religion, or ethnicity. America is the one of the greatest multicultural and multiracial societies in the world at the moment. Nevertheless, this may come across as a shock to most people but as lately as 1966, 17 states in United States actually had laws against the interracial marriage and all of the states regulated marriage between whites and other races in the country. Despite of the significant number of intercultural marriages in the U.S today, mere empirical research has been done to determine the nature of these marriages (Ngye Snyder, 2000) Communication style and interpersonal relationships are fundamental aspects of culture and can vary dramatically from one culture to another. It is note worthy to remember that everyone on this earth has culture, not just those clusters that are considered civilized. The majority of culture is unseen, below the surface. For example, when a Russian man marries an Italian it is not only the differences in native language (Russian vs. Italian) and religion (Eastern Orthodox vs. Roman Catholic) but also a host of cultural differences associated with such factors as expression of emotion, conflict expression and management, the role of the f family of origin in raising children (Sullivan Cottone, 2007)The beliefs and values that lie beneath the surface can be the most difficult to change when it is necessary.(Progressive Scholar, 2010) interracial marriages are not always intercultural marriages, as in some countries, for example United States, people of different races can share the sam e cultural background. (Source Wikipedia, Last access 17th August) it is easy to comprehend why it is difficult to let go of a tradition or expectation. It isnt easy to deal with the legacy that weve all grown up with in our ethnic, religious and socio-economic backgrounds. Though it seems to be a very romantic love story in the beginning but the truth is,it can be very challenging and frustrating in real life. And it is simply not about being racist, marriage has a deeper meaning to it, which dwells in understanding it, is possible to have extremely strong and natural negative feelings surrounding an interracial relationship or a marriage even though youre not consider as racist. Legal or not illegal the question is should interracial marriages been encouraged? The union between two different cultures altogether will give space to different experiences and opportunities in life, but mostly difficulties in the marriage life where it is concerned. Adoptions to a different culture altogether maybe not turn out to be an easy task. Individually ethnic and cultural variances put pressure on the marriage itself. With two diverse cultures, a family often has struggle understanding the differences between the families. Most of the time, such differences are not even recognized and unexplained. At this position an even larger problem with intercultural marriages. It is easy to look at why it is difficult to let go of a tradition or expectation.It isnt easy to deal with the legacy that weve all grown up with in our ethnic, religious and socio-economic backgrounds. Numerous cultures will consume of different marriage laws, customs and also parental disagreements which will lead into disputes. There will be lower material satisfaction, higher divorce rates due to logistics. Language barriers, different traditions and societys disapproval these factors will lead into higher failure of the marriage. Hence, a union between two cultures should not be encouraged due to the factors mentioned above. The report will consist of three major factors which are mainly focused on miss- contribution towards an inter-cultural marriage. Initially how the marriage is affected by the cultural shock, diverse of marriage laws which can lead in to disagreements plus adaptation to a various cultures and environment factors. Secondly, the societys points of view, Spouse facing discrimination due to colour and differences, if he/she is beyond the racial divide. Last point will conclude of dissipation of culture. The report contains information based on various countries and issues with diverse cultures marriages. BODY OF CONTENT ADAPTATION TO A DIFFERENT CULTURE The main intention of getting marriage is to emotionally, spiritually and physically unite a men and women together, as husband and wife, it is a commitment made in the presence of God, and is valid until death.Intercultural marriages are often influenced by external factors that can create confrontation, and disagreement in relationships. Different cultures endure vastly diverse moral, ethical and value foundations that influence their perceptions of individual, family and societal lifestyle. When these fundamentals are operating alongside the foundation of different cultural roots, as in intercultural marriages, problems and disagreement often times occur. It takes effort to combine two cultures successfully, and a willing attitude to learn from both partners. The first argument against intercultural marriages is the cultural shock (adaptation to a new culture). When considering an intercultural marriage either one of the partners have to get introduced to a new culture. Ideally both have to get use to each others cultures and laws to survive the marriage and this will create a lot of problems in the process. For an example A non Muslim marrying a Muslim will have to obey to certain laws in Islam; Islam forbids marriage between Muslim women and non-Muslim men. Therefore, any partner will have to convert and obey Islamic rules (sound vision, 2010). In the case of Muslim men marrying Jewish and Christian women, the situation is different. While Islam does allow this, Muslim men marrying Jews and Christians need to remember that living in the West, if they end up divorcing, the children will almost automatically be given to the mother. The converting process from one religion to another and adapting to new laws will create massive problems that will even end the marriage. Additional wrinkle in U.S. Muslim family law practices stems from the structure of authority in Islamic jurisprudence since there has never been an official church certifying individuals to speak on behalf of the religion, the field is open for any dedicated Muslim to seek to act as imam and lead a community (Quarishi Syed- Miller, 2001) therefore, non-Muslims have a very rare chance of wining and surviving in the marriage due to different laws in different cultural laws. Moving on,Intercultural marriages have contrasting differences between traditions and cultures. Although a few studies have looked into this aspect, cultural differences also stimulate marital conflicts particularly in intercultural marriages. In fact, the quantitative study of Takano (2002), pointed out that 19% of the marital discords in interethnic couples involved in his study are attributed to cultural differences. Couples that enter a cross-cultural marriage bring into their relationship vastly diverse assumptions and expectations about marriage and family life. Many of these assumptions flow out of the values, unspoken rules and belief systems that permeate their primary cultures. These unspoken values have become so much a part of their lives that they are almost hidden from view. For an example the way of celebrating Christmas is different in Germany rather than America (J). In fact, many of these cultural differences do not surface until after the couple is married.However, New experiences and new culture altogether may interest a adventurous spouse as its a unique onec ina life time experience and the difficulties greatly depend on how religious and culturally bond the families are. Not all think out of the box, New strange land, parents and language may cause distress in the beginning of the marriage life. One spouse will live in the country of origin and the other will be a stranger in a strange land the pleasantness mayb fall apart after sometime when trying to fit into a different family ,cuture. Marriage and customs differ from one country and to another culture .For example, Indian marriage customs are varying from marriage customs of Chinese traditions. In Japan the Japanese bride to be painted pure white from head to toe, visibly declaring her maiden status to the gods. There are two choices of headgear exist. One which is, the watabÃ…Â shi, is a white hood, the other is called the tsunokakushi, serves to hide the brides horns of jealousy. It also symbolizes the brides intention to become a gentle and obedient wife. During the period of the traditional wedding days, there would be a tilak ceremony (where the groom is anointed on his forehead), a cer emony for adorning the brides hand then cover the feet with henna (called mehendi) accompanied by Ladies Sangeet (music and dance) and many other pre-wedding ceremonies. Hence, marriage traditions, customs and beliefs may clash due to above points mentioned so far. Religion runs deeper since they practice their faith and it is a part of their cultural identity that they want to hang on to. The accurate, customs and special days associated with the religion remain significant to them. The regarding worship of the children will matter some religions deny the validity of all others and insist on conversions or demand that the children should be brought up in that religion. A couple might face difficulty in deciding on this above point and the spouse form the other religion may feel inferior and down. For example Orthodox Judaism teaches that the family must repudiate (sit shivah for) a child who marries a non-Jew: Islam demands obedience to gods law only as revealed by Muhammad, and also requires that a Muslim marry a fellow Muslim. The catholic churches until recent years insisted that a non-Catholic partner sign a prenuptial agreement to raise any catholic children. Particular Christian sects preach that all outsiders are damned to eternal fire and prohibit any marriage to people of different faith. At this specific point the problem may occur with the faith plays a major role in decision making this is if the partner is intensely religious. As they approach on each others separate territory, there is a new language, new customs and a new standard of normal to be learned. While culture a certain behavior might be accepted, here it might cause native offense. This sought of marriage is similar to a foreign alliance, with two separate people coming together and discovering the heritage and history of the other. Bibliography Ballard., (2006), The International YWAMer magazine, 6th of January 2006, issue June 2006. Berry, F (1992). Langston huges, before and beyong harlem. USA: Carol PuB.Co.Group. P56-75 Donovan, S Corbin, J (2007), Intermarriages, 5th October 2007, viewed on 16th of July 2010, http://www.jstor.org Gorilgirl, (2009), Broken Traditions? Intercultural Marriage and Cultural Continuity, 13th of july 2009, Available: http://gorigirl.com/broken-traditions-intercultural-marriage-and-cultural-continuity. Last accessed on 16th of july 2010 Romano, D (2006), Intercultural marriage, prmoses and pitfalls, 8th January 2006, Available: accessed on 26th of July 2010.

Macbeths Demise :: essays research papers

Macbeth Essay   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The tragedy Macbeth by William Shakespeare is based on a thane in whom is corrupted by greed and a negative ambition. The character Macbeth contradicts his moral responsibility in this play a great deal; many moral questions are brought forth to Macbeth. He questions himself and whether or not he should follow through with the evil deeds that he does. Macbeths ambition causes him to compromise his honour, he doesn’t take into consideration that he is being trusted and that every action that he takes will have a reaction. Macbeth attains his position as king unjustly. As is evident by the conclusion, justice prevails as usual and Macbeths demise is a result of his evil deeds. Macbeth negates his moral responsibility as a person as well as a king. He doesn’t take into consideration that he will pay for all the evil deeds that he executes. Killing Duncan is the worst crime that is possible to commit since the kings were the closest in hierarchy next to god. It is evident that Macbeth is aware that this is an evil sin when he states, â€Å" I dare do all that may be come a man, who dares do more is none.† (Act I Scene VII, Line 46-47) The previous statement shows that Macbeth believes that killing Duncan will make him nothing more than a beast. Nevertheless he goes against his morals and kills King Duncan. Sin is a prevalent theme in this play, Macbeth shows that he knows he has lived a sinful life, â€Å"Seyton I am sick at hearth, when I behold Seyton I have live’d long enough.† (Act V Scene III, Lines 20-22) Ambition takes over Macbeth when he decides to hire assassinators to kill Macduffs wife and children, â€Å"The castle o f Macduff I will surprise; seize upon Fife; give to the edge of the sword in this line.† Lanoue 2 (Act IV Scene I Lines 150-153) Macbeth shows the insignificance of his morals and responsibilities by his actions, he shows that becoming king is of much more importance.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The weird sisters (witches) have a great impact on Macbeths state of mind when he decides to follow through with many of his actions. The witches are responsible for putting the idea of Macbeth becoming king in his head. Faith in the witches compromises his honour since they are believed to be evil however Macbeth

What Are The Drivers Of Organisational Change Commerce Essay

This assignment was undertaken with the purpose of analyzing what organizational alteration is within the concern universe, what are the drivers of organizational alteration and the different types of organizational alteration, it will look at four different schools of alteration in peculiar the classical attack, human dealingss, systematic attack, the eventuality attack and it will complete off with a decision. The undermentioned quotation mark identifies the grounds for alteration within the concern universe:â€Å" If the environment were absolutely inactive†¦ and if tomorrow were ever precisely the same as today, organizational alteration would hold small or no relevancy to directors † ( Robbins & A ; Judge 2008:280 )Change happens daily as the universe transforms and alters, because of this administration ‘s must be willing and able to alter along with the universe so to be in a place to be able to run into the outlook of everybody and everything linked with the administration in order to remain competitory within the concern universe, everybody in concern is affected by organizational alteration from the minor alterations such as the execution of a new type of package into the company to the bigger alterations such as a amalgamation with another company or a take-over which could affect the execution of new systems and protocols ( Senior, 2002 ) . Change is affected by drivers and drivers are affected by environmental factors which can be shown under the undermentioned degrees, the Macro degree besides known as the Far Environment which includes all outside influences upon which the concern operates in nevertheless, the concern has little or no control over these influences and as such can non place when or how alterations within these factors will happen. PESTEL is normally used to place factors within the Far Environment and this is broken down below. P – Political Drivers for Change hold alot of weight over the ordinances of a company as they form the foundation upon which a company must run within, these factors can include consumer, competition and employee Torahs, merchandise and service ordinances, besides these factors can be influenced by terrorist act such as the bombardments in London which brought about immense alteration with the air hose industry security such as the limitation of liquids on planes. E – Economic Drivers for Change are immense factors for administrations as they include the type of revenue enhancement within an country, involvement rates, exchange rates and rising prices. Economic factors will hold a immense impact on the type of work force available to a company as it can place how educated the population is, can providers be accessed and how clients will respond. An illustration of economic factors impacting concern can be the recent recession in which many builders went out of concern as people stopped purchasing and edifice houses. S – Socio-Cultural Drivers for Change vary from each state and must be recognised to place the cultural alterations in different societies, they can include altering tendencies within a specific society such as faith in India where people say prayer daily, how good educated the society is e.g. IT companies looking for a technologically educated population for their concern, the province of the wellness system and ethnicity. It is besides identified as how a company chooses to sell or market themselves E.g. Fair Trade non merely benefits the company who sells the merchandise but besides guaranteed work for people in hapless states from which the merchandise originated. T – Technological Drivers for Change define new and bing developments as engineering is now a cardinal constituent in the mundane activities of concerns as it helps the administration to work quicker e.g. the usage of electronic mail in communicating, alterations in engineering can be expensive as the buying of equipment is a factor and the preparation of employees. L – Legal Drivers for Change place the ordinances which companies must adhere to, what they can and can non make in order to obey the jurisprudence O matter the cost such as the smoke prohibition. E – Environmental Drivers for Change affect more concerns in recent times as more clients are going environmentally cognizant, demanding environmentally friendly merchandises and services, i.e. reduced C footmark, selling Fair Trade merchandises. On the other manus with the Meso degree besides knows as the Near Environment of the administration tends to hold more control over factors as it includes the Stakeholders of the concern who are better able to force alteration as communicating is much easier and more flowing, three groups are formed the first being Dependant Stakeholders which rely to a great extent on their connexion with the concern, Co-Dependent Stakeholders have a common association with the concern as it benefits both side for the house to win e.g. stockholders puting in a company to derive from its success, and eventually Independent Stakeholders being people on the exterior of the company that feel they need to step in to rock the determination of a concern e.g . Americans banding together in a command to forestall Wall Mart from puting up store in their towns as they felt the shop would negatively impact concerns in the country ( Wall Mart, the high cost of low monetary values ) . And in conclusion the Micro degree known as the Internal Environment which has to make with the concern itself and is chiefly dictated by direction within the concern, its identified by the relationship between employees, employers, concern construction, civilization, processes and systems and is the get downing point of organizational alteration as this is where people start desiring alteration, development and betterment within the concern nevertheless, alteration in one country of the administration will hold a direct affect on another portion of the concern and this must be taken into consideration when doing a determination on alteration ( Price, 2009 ) . Due to outside influences driving alteration administrations are forced to maintain up to rush with these alterations and have administrations in a place whereby if alteration is required the appropriate alterations are implements to reflect these external environmental factors in a timely and smoothly mode so as non to set any added force per unit area on the company ( Price, 2009 ) . Grundy identified that tonss of directors viewed alteration as being all the same whilst others viewed it as holding a negative impact on the administration, he identified three types of alteration as is shown in â€Å" Grundys ( 1993 ) three assortments of alteration † , the first being â€Å" smooth and incremental alteration † which is alteration that is implemented bit by bit, continually and in an orderly manner, Grundy states that this type of alteration was more so typical in the UK during the 1950s and 1970s and would be seldom seen in the concern universe of today, the 2nd type o f alteration is recognised as â€Å" rough incremental alteration † which identifies infrequent phases of certainty within the external environment but in no manner uninterrupted plenty to enable the measuring of the alteration involved hence doing sporadic alteration which upsets the administration, and in conclusion â€Å" discontinuous alteration † is due to a immense displacement in the environment internally or externally, this can be due to such things as chances within the market like merger/take-over or a big alteration in the external environment such as the presently economic recession which has forced many administrations to implement alterations to counter the effects of the recession. This type of alteration demands to be implemented rapidly and is instructed to staff instead than being discussed as it is normally implemented in an exigency state of affairs ( Senior, 2002 ; Price, 2009 ) . Burnes ( 2004 ) besides identifies another two type of alteration the first being Punctuated Equilibrium, this recognise that fact that alteration can happen at fickle explosive periods and secondly is Continuous Transformation which identifies the demand for regular dramatic accommodations in administrations change such being regular preparation for staff ( Senior, 2002 ; Price, 2009 ) . Traveling on to Schools of Change it should be noted that at nowadays there is no 1 â€Å" attack to alter that is theoretically holistic, universally applicable, and which can be practically applied † , the undertaking for a concern is to happen a theory and place the strengths and failings of that theory in order to recognize how it can be best implemented into the concern. This assignment will look at four of these attacks get downing with the Classical attack which was developed in the 19th century and works off the thought that there is merely â€Å" one best manner † to execute a undertaking â€Å" portraying administrations as machines, and those in them as mere parts which respond to the right stimulation and whose actions are based on scientific rules. † The attack is wholly geared towards direction doing all determinations in the concern and employees being viewed as merely a portion in a on the job machine. This attack is besides known as the Scientifi c-Rational attack and has three similar constructs: to see an administration as a machine that one time set in gesture will prosecute and accomplish its ends, the administration is merely interested in workers that can help the company in accomplishing its ends, people are motivated to work merely by money and direction must remain in control at all times. The most of import theoreticians of the classical attack were Fredrick Taylor, Frank and Lillian Gilbreth, Henri Fayol and Max Weber. Taylor ‘s rule of scientific direction is based on the thought of efficiency and is deemed to be the get downing point of the â€Å" development of administration and direction theory † . Taylors theory focused on making the best and manner to make a occupation and that workers are money motivated with direction detailing what each occupations is, the result expected from each place within a specified timeframe, workers have to be micro managed to guarantee the work is being completed w hilst being motivated by money ( fillips ) , more work peers more wage and as with the classical attack workers are merely viewed as objects and non valued by the administration that can be replaced at any clip ( Burnes, 2004 ) . Deems taylors theory worked off of three parts: gather all cognition about the occupation to enable elaborate â€Å" occupation regulations, Torahs and expression † to be drawn up that must be adhered to by each worker, restricting worker engagement to the extent of really physically making the work and directors micro managed to guarantee the work was being done the clip allocated, this theory take all duty off from the worked and topographic points it with the director â€Å" each adult male receives in most instances complete written instructions, depicting in item the undertaking which he is to carry through, every bit good as the agencies to be used in making the work ( Taylor, 1911a: 39 ) † . Taylor besides believed in engaging the best worker for each specific occupation and merely by making this would the administration acquire the best consequences, this farther solidified the thought of workers being classed as â€Å" human machines † and of no value to the administration as their cognition was limited to the specific occupation they held in the administration, undertakings became limited which in bend made it easier to learn to new workers and hence the demand for a skilled work force was reduced and this lowered rewards. This theory is still really popular in big administration such as mills like Dell where employees are required to work off lines nevertheless ; this theory would non be possible in smaller administrations such as enlisting bureaus as this function required a high input from the work force in order for the concern to win ( Burnes, 2004 ) . The following attack to be looked at is Human Relations which was developed in the 1930 ‘s as a reaction to the â€Å" de-humanised † attack of classical. Theorists to develop the attack were Myers in the 1920 ‘s and Mayo in 1933, in their hunt they recognised workers had more to offer an administration that the classical attack let its work force proving that administrations were societal Mecca ‘s and therefore required input from the work force, it was about completed different to the classical attack in that it viewed employees demands as holding great influence on the administration compared to employees merely being offered pecuniary inducements, that workplaces are non merely machines but societal countries where employees form relationships with others and insouciant activities are the norm compared to the formal activities of the classical attack, where as classical is a predictable machine driven by regulations and clip frames, human dealingss is a m ore insouciant and laid back attack best suited in little administrations such as the enlisting industry where it will gives advisers the freedom to work on their ain virtue and accomplish their ain marks. Similarities do be in that both attacks believe in being immutable entities one time constructions have been out in topographic point and that they are both the best manner frontward. Elton Mayo is famed for his word on â€Å" The Hawthorn Experiments † on Western Electric during the 1920s and 30s, these experiments identified workers need to be recognised as it showed it was non the alterations in the construction of their work that saw an addition in productiveness but the fact that they were being singled out to be surveies that gave the workers a sense of duty and utility. Mayo identified two nucleus facets that would come to organize the footing of the human dealingss attack, one being the demand for societal groups within the work force and for employees to work toget her instead an as persons, the 2nd being the demand for employees to be recognised for their work, this attack shows that actuating employees and sing employees as a valued portion of the administration benefits the concern which is wholly contradictory to what Taylor viewed in the classical attack ( Burnes, 2004 ) . The Contingency theory attack was developed during the 1960 ‘s and works on the footing that there is more than one best was frontward for an administration as all administration face different uncertainnesss so the theory needs to be tailored for each administration individually and non be viewed every bit one as the classical and human dealingss approached show, it proves that administrations are non closed systems but are reliant on external environmental factors such as engineering placing all administrations have different constructions, three of the most of import eventualities are the capriciousness of environmental factors to the administration whether internal or external, the usage of engineering as it has become a core portion of the activities of administration in the modern universe and the size of the administration being a important variable, Tom Burns and George Macpherson conducted the first surveies in 1961 that identified a nexus between administrations envir onmental factors and constructions and proved that â€Å" one best manner † as identified by the classical and human dealingss was in fact non the best manner frontward, their research identified five environment types that affected the administration on different degrees and two types of construction they names as Mechanistic ( similar to classical ) which worked positively in stable conditions and Organic ( similar to human dealingss ) in un-predictable conditions, their research does non confute the classical or human relation but identifies the dependence on the type of environment in which they will be applied to ( Burnes, 2004 ) . And eventually the Systems attack which was besides developed in the 1960s viewed â€Å" administrations as both a whole, and as portion of a larger environment † made up of a figure of different sub-systems that in times of alteration will impact other parts of the administration and alternatively of being classified as closed and cut off from the external environmental factors, as shown in the classical and human dealingss attacks, administrations are in fact â€Å" unfastened systems † within the internal and external environments. This system is used in placing these sub-systems hence recognizing if there is a demand for alteration to better public presentation on an overall degree. Miller ( 1967 ) identified four organizational sub-systems as organizational end and values, proficient, psychosocial and managerial with Burke ( 1980 ) as stated in Burnes ( 2004 ) placing when taking an over all position of the administration the undermentioned factors need to be looke d at, sub-systems are mutualist as a alteration in one country is traveling to impact the administration in another country. Decision

Caribbean English - Definition and Examples

Caribbean English s Caribbean English is a  general term for the many varieties of the English language used in the Caribbean archipelago and on the Caribbean coast of Central America (including Nicaragua, Panama, and Guyana). Also known as  Western Atlantic English. In the simplest terms, says Shondel Nero, Caribbean English is  a contact language emanating mainly from the encounter of British colonial masters with the enslaved and later indentured labor force brought to the Caribbean to work on the sugar plantations (Classroom Encounters With Creole English in  Englishes in Multilingual Contexts, 2014). Examples and Observations The term Caribbean English is problematic because in a narrow sense it can refer to a dialect of English alone, but in a broader sense it covers English and the many English-based creoles . . . spoken in this region. Traditionally, Caribbean creoles have been (incorrectly) classified as dialects of English, but more and more varieties are being recognized as unique languages. . . . And although English is the official language of the area that is sometimes called the Commonwealth Caribbean, only a small number of the people in each country speak what we might consider regionally accented standard English as a native language. In many Caribbean countries, however, some standard version of (mostly) British English is the official language and taught in schools. One syntactic feature shared by many West Atlantic Englishes is the use of would and could where British or American English uses will and can: I could swim for I can swim; I would do it tomorrow for I will do it tomorrow. Another is the formation of yes/no questions with no inversion of auxiliary and subject: You are coming? instead of Are you coming? (Kristin Denham and Anne Lobeck, Linguistics for Everyone: An Introduction. Wadsworth, 2009) Loanwords From Guyana and Belize Whereas Canadian English and Australian English, benefiting from the single land-mass of their respective homelands, can each claim general homogeneity, Caribbean English is a collection of sub-varieties of English distributed . . . over a large number of non-contiguous territories of which two, Guyana and Belize, are widely distant parts of the South and Central American mainland. . . . Through Guyana came hundreds of nouns, necessary labels of an active ecology, from the languages of its aboriginal indigenes of the nine identified ethnic groups . . .. This is a vocabulary that amounts to hundreds of everyday words known to Guyanese but not to other Caribbeans. In the same way through Belize come words from the three Mayan languagesKekchi, Mopan, Yucatecan; and from the Miskito Indian language; and from Garifuna, the Afro-Island-Carib language of Vincentian ancestry. (Richard Allsopp, Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage. University of the West Indies Press, 2003) Caribbean English Creole Analysis has shown that the grammar and phonological rules of Caribbean English Creole can be described as systematically as those of any other language, including English. Furthermore, Caribbean English Creole is as distinct from English as French and Spanish are from Latin. Whether it is a language or a dialect, Caribbean English Creole coexists with standard English in the Caribbean and in the English-speaking countries where Caribbean immigrants and their children and grandchildren live. Often stigmatized because it is associated with slavery, poverty, lack of schooling, and lower socioeconomic status, Creole may be viewed, even by those who speak it, as inferior to standard English, which is the official language of power and education. Most speakers of Caribbean English Creole can switch between Creole and standard English, as well as intermediate forms between the two. At the same time, however, they may retain some distinctive features of Creole grammar. They may mark past-tense and plural forms inconsistently, for example, saying things like, She give me some book to read. (Elizabeth Coelho, Adding English: A Guide to Teaching in Multilingual Classrooms. Pippin, 2004)

Wind essays

Wind essays The global energy balance and atmospheric motion determine the circulation of the earth's atmosphere. There is a pecking order of motion in atmospheric circulation. Each process can be divided into ever smaller controlling factors. The global energy budget is an equal balance of short wave radiation coming into the atmosphere and long wave radiation going out. This is known as thermal equilibrium. The earth is in a state of thermal equilibrium; but we can have too much or too little energy in parts of the heat balance. If you have excess radiation warm air will rise, and a radiation deficit will make the air cool and fall. Air gets heated at the equator due to the inter tropical convergence zone and rises to the poles. At the poles the air is cooled and floats back down to the equator where the process is repeated. Another major contributing factor to the circulation of air is due to the subtropical highs. These highs similar to the inter tropical convergence zone migrate during the changing seasons. The belt model, shown in the text is a great representation of the general circulation of the atmosphere. The equatorial belt of variable winds ranges from 5 degrees south to 5 degrees north. This wind belt is characterized by weak winds and low pressure from the inter tropical convergence zone. As you go further north or south you encounter the Hadley Cells. Hadley cell circulation is caused by the movement of high pressure from the latitudes at 5 to 30 degrees north and 5 to 30 degrees south to low pressure areas around the equator. The movement of air from high pressure to low pressure causes convergence. This convergence generates the production of wind. The winds that are produced from this are the trade winds. The winds blow from a northern direction in the northern hemisphere, and in the so uthern hemisphere the winds blow from a southern direction. The trade winds comprise the largest wind belt. The westerlies lie in the Ferrell...

Letter of Recommendation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Letter of Recommendation - Essay Example Additionally, he searched, selected, and managed Indonesian student volunteers who study abroad to teach students from my school through Skype. Therefore, now, my school has computers, and Internet. Furthermore, we have more good quality English teachers. All of these elements are useful for engaging English lesson online through Skype with Indonesian Students who volunteer becoming English teacher that live outside Indonesia. His effort helps my students improve English grades. Currently, he works as a volunteer in my school. He is an English teacher. His method to teach students is different from any other teachers. He always makes sure that the lesson is always interactive. He modifies the lesson to implement game in English, project and presentation. He brings something new to the curriculum, because before he came, my school always taught students basing on the book, but now he let students show his creativity by using English. This improved my students’ creativity in my school. Additionally, he consistently demonstrated strong work ethics and great communicational skills, increasingly extending the importance of handling negotiations with our clients, consumers and food distributors. This impacted the performance and the image of our company. X is an open-minded person, organized, adaptable in cases of objective criticism. I have developed deep personal and professional attachment and respect for x, and sincerely believe that this course will sharpen his skills of education development. He has my highest endorsement. If you have any questions regarding x and/or this recommendations, feel free to contact me at any

Casualties of War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Casualties of War - Essay Example It is the hope of this author that not only the film, but the Vietnam War as well as pervasive American interpretations of the value of native and indigenous people will help to be affected. Ultimately, the movie can be summarized, as with many Vietnam War movies, as concentric upon an analysis of a small squad of American soldiers. This is one of the most popular approaches that filmmakers take due to the fact that it allows the viewer the, acquainted with and personally knowledgeable regarding each of the characters; rather than integrating with an entire company, the viewer is able to simplify human emotions, personalities, and likely reactions based upon the means by which these characters are expected to behave. As with many other Vietnam War movies, â€Å"Casualties of War† represents a mixture of different individuals within the squad from various geographic regions as well as various ethnic and cultural backgrounds. Firstly, the viewer is integrated with an understandi ng of the sheer misery, abstraction, and violence that the Vietnam conflict engendered. As a function of understanding this level of inhumanity, exhibited on both sides of the conflict, it unfortunately comes as little surprise that the soldiers themselves begin behaving as little more than animals. The line of no return is of course cross when one of the soldiers takes a young Vietnam means girl and suggests that the squad user as a sex toy. Even though this is initially resisted, the threat of violence subdues these objections long enough for the girl to be raped. Once she is raped, it becomes infinitely easier for the other members of the squad, with the exception of Erikkson, to engage in a similar behavior. At each and every juncture, Erikkson opposes the actions that the squad leader perpetrates upon the young girl. Ultimately, Erikkson risks his own life in an attempt to save the girl from being murdered by the squad members. Once she is murdered, Erikkson set out on a person al crusade to expose the crime to the superiors within the military. As one might expect, speaking truth to power was neither popular nor safe. After many months and years of trying, Erikkson was able to bring the issue to the military’s attention and seek a nominal degree of punishment for the individuals involved. With regards to understanding the underlying tensions that existed between Meserve and Erikkson, the viewer can and should integrate with the basic understanding of unrestrained selfishness and complete lack of respect for human life that Meserve exhibited as compared to Erikkson’s more traditional view. Rather than exhibiting all Vietnam veterans as baby killers and murderers, this film helps to differentiate the difference between those sociopaths in society that were drafted into the military and sought to further their own selfish ends as compared to individuals that retain a level of humanity and restraint regardless of the pressures and difficulties t hat combat placed upon them. A further dynamic is equally evidenced within the film is the level and extent to which the